
Kidney and ureter stones
Stones are common in Telangana's hot climate. Small ones can pass with medicine and fluids. Larger or stuck stones are broken with a laser through a thin scope, usually without any cut.
Signs
- Wave-like pain in the side or back
- Pain spreading to the groin
- Blood in urine, nausea
- Repeated infections
Treatments
- RIRS, flexible scope with laser
- Ureteroscopy (URS) with laser
- PCNL keyhole surgery for large stones
- ESWL shock-wave therapy
- Stone analysis and prevention plan



